Apparatus for heating or vaporizing fluid



`June 30, M. M. CLAYTON APPARATIIJSFOR HEATING OR VPORIZING FLUID FiledJune' 4, 1927 4 sheets-sheet 2 .Fr a'. Z.

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' June 30, 1931. M. M. CLAYTON' APPARATUS-Fon HEATING on vAPoRIzINGFLUID Filed June 4, 1927 4 sneet-'Sheet 3 June 30, 1931. M. M. CLAYTON nAPPARATUS FOR HEATING OR VAPORIZING FLUID Filed Junev 4, 1927 4sheets-sheet 4 MARK N fcLAY'romoF LArORTEQINDIN, AssIGNoR ToBAs'rIAN-MORLEYCO., oF

, LAPORTEQIINDIANA, AcoRPoRATioN or rNniANA APPARATUS FOR HNAfTiNG on,varoBIzINe rLUiD Yappuanmfumi Juneli, iezjz/ semaine. .ieeeoe Thisinvention relatesto an" apparatus for 'heating fiuidrxWhere theffluidyto be heated is water, as shown for example inthe accomf raining"drawings, the apparatus may-fb@ o used tol heat'water for a hot waterheating system or steanreitherfor heating or power purposes".-

One object ofthe' invention is to construct anv improvedk apparatus ofthis `Vcharacter 1o wherein the fluid has free and unobstructedcirculation without resulting' foaming', primf ing or liming effects.

' Y other ob'ect ofthe invention isv to convstruct a'fiuidheatercomprising spaced VVfluid o ycontaining 'sections"andjfto providevthe eX- posed walls thereof-With heat absorbmgfdey vices arranged'andyrelated soasfto effectively transfer heat from the Vproducts of combus`tion to the fluid, whereby the latter israpidly Another object oftheinvention is t o c o nt struct a fluidheating apparatus comprisingspaced fluid containing sections and to pro-..

vide 'on' their opposedY Walls devises which i serve to substantiallyincreasethewall area to be hea'tedand co-act to agitate the products4ofcombustion as they ascendbetwe'en the sec-y tions and' deflect lthegasesv alternately 'against the walls to be heated to 1maintainfthemfreeof *5l-fi inert or non-circulating gas film's'and 'bubbles vof airandlgas.'v A l Another object of the invention is toconstruct asectional type of fluid heater ywherein `provision is marde forsubstantially vertical V,travel'ofthefproductsof combustion andf'ree andimobstructed' circulation ofthe heated fluid within the sections andatthe same time to increase the area of thesur'fac'es exposedV to theproducts offcombustiojn fas compared viii to the area of the surfaces incontact with the A fluid, wherebyfa high percentage of thevheat units inthe products is absorbed while-they travel through a relatively shortdistance,Y

maximum difference. inl temperature between i f i the oppositesurfacesofthe Wallsfof `the`sectionsis maintainsdandprimingl and-foaming of theHuidis 'elijnrunated.` Y l VAnother object of'v the invention yto jcon'struct a sectionaltype of fluidl heater that'isH relatively simple andeasily lassembled` and capableof expansion to provide for any de?siredcapaCity. Y Y .7T

Other obfects of the invention ,will be Iap- 'parent to thosef skilled"in the-"art to which my nvention relates from the following "de #j55 Yi scription taken in connection withthe accom# panying'tlrawings,wherein(vv Y l y N Fig. 1 1s a viewl looki fg at thejsideofa heatingapparatus embodying my lnventiorux with partsthereof in section. on theline l-'-1 60' O fFgg t my..

Fig. 2 isa section on theline of l.y Fis "a section on the line 3Q-3tof-Figla F 1g. 4 is ya sec'tion "on the line le-f4 of Fig'. 2.'

F igj is a fragmentary detail View;I 65 l Fig. 7 is a perspective viewof a portionof 1 f one of the endl fluid'containing sections'. t Y Fig.8 is a perspective view of a. portion .of one' of the intermediatefluidu containing 70 sections.'

C In the drawings, l indicatesfas anentirety -asupport comprisingaframe, preferably offy 4rectangular shape, Ahaving front Wallila; l

Ysired. Portionsfofthes'e wallsattheir cornersmayfbe shaped to' providesuitable flegs 4 i reasonsfwhich Willilaterv appear.l rThe; Spaceoenclosed' by the walls i1a,"lbfandf lc 4constitutes afirechanibei,asiwill later appear.y The front andrear vwalls'atorfnearftheir lower edges carryV alignedsupports, such` as angles fol *Y o fyonwhich"restsl afplate 4t. helplate i 35." closes the lower endoffthe fire chamber tov protect theheating means (indicated at 5 as anentire-ty) therein,but is formed with a-plu`` quired foreachinstallation. `Due tothefact Y i that the sections 60 are similar inconstruction 100 I and the enclosing casing, indicated as an entirety at7, may be removed (as will be later set forth) any installed apparatusmay be readily changed to increase or decrease its capacity. Eachintermediate section 6c rests at its front end on the front wall 1a andat its rear end on the rear wall 1?) and the end sections 6o, 6b, restin a. similar manner on these walls, and for additional support theouter wall 6d of each end section is provided with a longitudinal ledge6c which engages with the upper edge of the adjacent side wall 7c. Eachsection 6a, 6b, 6c, at its lower rea-r end is provided with a relativelylarge hollow boss 8 (see Figs. 1 and A6) having aligned openings formedin their opposite faces and each in communication with the interior ofthe adjacent section. The openings between adjoining bosses areconnected by suitable slip-joints or nipples `9 and vthese parts areheld in liquid tight, rigid relation by av through bolt 10, extendingthrough aligned openings formed in thickened walls of the bosses 8, asshown in Fig. 6. 11 indicates a supply pipe for water, leading from asupply system under pressure or the return pipe of a heating system orother suitable fluid supply. The pipe 11 may be connected to the boss 8of either end section (for example the section 67)), the outer openingin the boss 8 of the kother end section 6a being preferably threaded andclosed by a suitable plug 8a. The bosses 8 are preferably arrangedexteriorly of the walls of the sections 6a, 6?), 6c, to facilitatemanufacture and also to eliminate possible obstructions to the freecirculation of .heated port-ions of the water or pockets to receive andretain precipitated foreign matter. Each section 6?), 6c, at its upperfront cnd is .provided with a relatively large hollow boss 8 incommunication with the interior of thc adjacent section. The bosses 8are preferably connected together in a liquid tight, rigid relation bymeans similar to that shown and described for connecting the bosses 8.12 indicates the outlet pipe or conduit for hot water or steam, as thecase may be, leading to one or more points or stations for use. The pipe12 is preferably connected to the same end section (62)) as that towhich the pipe 11 is connected. The outer opening in the boss 8 for theother end section (6e) is threaded to receive the inner end of a pipe 18and this pipe may carry a suitable automatic safety valve 14, which maybe manually operated by a handle 15. The bosses 8 (as will be understoodfrom Figs. 1, 7 and 8) are disposed at the corners of and within the topand front end walls of the fluid containing sections and the thickenedwalls for the connecting rod 10 are on the upper portion of the bosses8. This arrangement positions the bosses and their connecting nipples inthe path of the products of combustion traversing the spaces between thesections and within the insulating jacket 7, so that the temperature ofthese parts is maintained to prevent heat losses in the generated steamor het water as the case may be. It will be understood that the sections6a, 6l), 60, may be positioned on the supporting walls 1a, 1b, at anydesired distance one from the other dependant upon the restrictiondesired between the opposing walls of the sections for the products ofcombustion as they ascend; such spacing or relation being effected kbythe use of nipples of the proper length.

The bottom wall of each section 6c is formed by two downwardly andinwardly inclined portions 16 which meet and are connected together inthe central longitudinal plane of the adjacent section. In this form ofconstruction one bottom portion 16 co-acts with a similar but oppositelyinclined portion 16 of the adjoining section to form a throat 16a forthe products of combustion leading to the space between these sections.The end sections 6a, 6b, are preferably constructed as half sections ofthe intermediate sections 6c to facilitate the making and use ofpatterns, for their manufacture. In this arrangement, each end section6a, 6b, is provided with one bottom portion 16 which is connected to thelower end of the outer wall 6d. As will be understood from Figs. ll, 7and 8, the heated side walls 17 and the end walls 18, of each section6a, 6b, 60, have vertical, planular inner surfaces with which the fluidtherein contacts to absorb heat, such surfaces providing for freeunobstructed circulation upwardly of the heated portions of the fluidand hence tending to'n'iaintain or insure a rapid current of suc-hportions and also prevent the accumulation of air bubbles on suchsurfaces well as eliminating liming thereon. 19 indicates a plurality ofheat absorbing members on the exterior surfaces of the walls 17, thesemembers preferably being formed integrally therewith and projectinglaterally therefrom, the purpose being to increase the heated wall areaexposed to the products of combustion rising vertically in the spacesbetween the fluid containing sections 6a, 6?),

v670, so that in their travel through a relatively short distance, arelatively high percentage of the heat units in the products ofcombustion may be absorbed by these members and the. walls 17 andtransferred through the latter to the fluid. By providing for a free andunobstructed circulation of the heated lwater within the sections theinner surfaces Vand enables the heat absorbino' members to rapidlyabsorb a high percentage of the heat Vunits contained in the products ofcombustion,fso,that lin .the short Htravel ofrthe'latter high eiliciency1in heatingf results. `As

shown, the heat; absorbing members 191e);-r tend horizontally, beingpreferably continir ousfroin end to 'end of each section and the* vupperand lower surfaces of each taper orl convergeftoward-its free end. Inthexpreferred arrangement, the heat absorbingmemy bersv19 ,onv onewall17 arek out ofalignment with those on theopposing kwall ,17, so that themembers onopposingwalls arein staggered zrelation; also7 the freeends offthe Amembers on one wall overlap the freejends of the members gontliefopposing, wall aswill be understood from Figs. 2 and 4. Inl V.this

i k arrangement, the heatl absorbingy members 19 cause an agitation ofthe products of coni-ff(l bustion as they-travel upwardly and a de-vflection thereof to prevent the accumulation'v on the walls 17 of anon-circulating gasfilm or bubbles ofair andgas which would pre- A vent;the eiiicient heating of these walls; Y

,Y 20findicates a flue having an enlarged por- .Y t1on2Oa engaging theupper.: end walls *of*` `the jacket 7y and arranged to receiveand carryoff t-he products of combustion after passing ,through the spacesbetween the fluid ,contain- .ing sections.v i As shovvmthe upper ends ofthe spaces open into the enlarged flue portion 20a.

provide a pluralityof heatingunitsor burn ers 5a onevr in'asso'ciated oroperative relation yto each passage or space' between adjoining sectionsor the throat 16a leading thereto.

Each burner 5a comprises three longitudinf-i'l- V ly extending, spacedgas distributing bars 21,

21, 21a, and end gas distributing rbarsl 22 to. .which the outer ends ofthelongitudinal bars are connected. The central portionsY of the barsmerge into a chamber 23 (see Fig.V 1) and the bottom wall of thischamber; lis Aformed with va threaded opening into which is fitted theinner end of a supply tube 24. A VVThe outerV end of the tube 24 isenlarged to forma mixing chambery 25g The mouthlof the mixing chamberhas associated with `itl-.an adjustable plate 26 to` increase ordecrease the supply of air to the mixing chamber. -The plate 26 isformed with a hub which is threaded on the end of a gas inletr pipe .27the free endfof which vsupplies gas within the chamber 25,

Y whereby the plate may be moved-toward and from'the open4 end of theinixingchamber, a nut 27aserving to` lock ther plate'in adjustedposition. The upper Walls of the bars 21, 21a, 22 are formed with Taplurality of hollow bosses 28, whichformgas jets or ports for the'burner'.vr VThe' bars 22vr are provided, with projections )22aY whichvengage suitable seats j 29. As shown'in Fig, the `central orA intervmediate distributing bars l21a-ofi' each rburner 5ml are in rline withLa' vertical Iplane disposed centrally of theadj acent sp acev betweenkthe y The-,heating means 5v may comprise any "desired form of kfuel,such as coal, oil or gas, v

preferablyV the latter. F or the use of gas, Ik

uting-bars v21' oftheburner are spaced an earning seefionsana amt-,amadadistrib'- equal distance vfrom the bars 21a andthe adl V jacent bars 21of the burners 5d at eitherpside n of the burner. In Vthis forni ofconstruction it'will be seen that (1)? thefbars ,21a of eachv burner arebelowy one of the conduitEspacesy and the' side bars 21 arebelowgtheinclined portions 16 oftwo adjoining sect-ions, so that,

theheat and productsofcombustion fromy each burner areV guided VKbyfthewallsI ofthe adjacent throat 16a into the space connected thereto and(2) Ywhile fthe burner jets 28fof each'burner are relatedfftothe'wthroatVand ,i

space above it ythe rows ofburner ljets of the several burnersarefuniformlyspacedfrom w side to side of the fire chamber to provideanf sfo even distributionof the products of-combus- Ation and radiantheat'into the Conduit spaces. 1 y y Eachpipe 27 preferab-lyfcomprisesthenoz` zle portion offa suitablecock 3.0, the-1nlet end I of which isthreaded into a main supply pipe 81 common to all ofthe cocks The pipe nY 81l extends Valong the VVfront wallv la belowjthe mixing chambers 25,being supported on this Wall byv brackets 32 having semi-circular seatsfor the pipefand a semi-circular cap `32a hingedV atnne end on thebracket andremov-V ably ysecured'thereto at fits oppositecgendto y' m51'9195, SSindica-tes'a, pilot associatedwithoneor two of the .burners 5a.The pilot, has a jet hold 'thepipein position.v

end to which 4'a supply pipe '33a is connected. y

This pipe leadst-hrough the wallla'fandthen downwardlyvto' one sideofthemain supplyr pipe 31, and then'paralle'l thereto to avpoint beyondthe control of the gas throughthe pipe 311,v it 'being understoodV thatthe supply of gas throughthe pipe'31 maybe automatically controlled by-thetemperature ofthe -A fluidzin one of the Huid containing sections,

or otherwiseas desired; also, asuitablecon#-` trol of thegassupplythrough the pipe 31 arranged to. cut oil' .such supply,uponvth'e pilot flame becomingextinguished, mayqbe provided'. Theopposite sides of. eachl burner 5a are provided withl jetsfbwhichformauxiliary pilots to vlight one burner fronradjoiningburner;this-arrangement making, it

unnecessary to I'provide more than one main i pilot. l r

The frontiI wall 1a ris formed Awith janien.- A`

openings' 36' are of a size to permit the/stud heads to pass'throu'ghtheniwhen thel door positioned against'the walllla. `When the zdoorffla-is thus positioned, it may be moved i 1n a lateralforedge-wisefdirection to letithe CII studs 35 enter the branch slots 36a.This latter movement posit-ions portions of the door 34a behind the studheads so that the latter hold it on the studs and against the wall 1a.To permit of access to the pilot 33, I prefer to provide the door with ashutter 37 suitably related to an opening 37a formed centrally of thedoor. The shutter 37 may be held in closed relation to the opening by apair of arms 38 extending inwardly and engaging the end walls ofrecesses formed in the door 34a. The shutter 37 may be provided with asuitable window 39.

The jacket 7 comprises sections of suitable insulation material, such ashair, rock wool, asbestos or other material. The exposed surface of eachsection is covered with a material which takes paint or other finishingmaterial and the longitudinal and side edges of each section may bebound with a sheet metal angle piece 40. The jacket 7 comprisesl (a) aninsulation section 41 in front of the .sections Ga, (il), 6c, and inengagement with their front end walls 18, extending from the top wallsthereof to their bottoms or to the `upper edge of the wall 1a; (ZJ) aninsulation section 42 at the rear of the sections and in engagement withtheir rear end walls 18, this section extendingr from the top walls ofthe section to the bosses 8; and (c) insulation sections 43 each in faceto face relation with the wall 6d of the adjacent end section and eX-tending from the top thereof downwardly, preferably to a pointco-incident with the plate 4. The sections 41, 42 and 43 are removablyheld in position with their opposite ends abutting, as shown in Fig. 4,by a plurality of connectors 44 and in interlocking relation with theouter edge portions of the flue members 20a. As shown in Fig. 1, thefree outer portion 20?) of the flue member 20a extends outwardly betweenthe end edge of the insulating material and the horizontal portion ofthe adjacent angle plate 40, this arrangement being continuous alongeach side of the member 20a and the insulation sections 41, 42 and 43,so that the insulation sections are supported by the flue member. Eachconnector 44 may comprise a member 44a hinged on one insulation sectionand removably engaging a lug or latch 446 on the adjacent section. InFig. 4 I have shown on each section 43 a hinged member 44a at each endthereof and latches on the adjacent ends of sections 41, 42. I prefer toprovide two or more connectors 44 along each of the abutting ends of thesections. The connectors 44 serve to hold the insulation sections inengagement with the fluid containing sections and in abutting relationto each other `and also to hold the strips 4() along their upper edgesin overlapping relation with the wall portions 206 of the flue member20a, so that '4 the fluid containing sections are completely Lelaiesenclosed and sealed to prevent the escape of heat and products ofcombustion.

In the arrangement above described, it will be noted that the insulationsections 41 and 42 close the spaces between the fluid containingsections along their ends. It will also be noted that the insulationsections are in engag-ement.

45 indicates metal plates bridging the conduit spaces between adjoiningfluid containing sections at the opposite ends thereof. These platesserve to prevent contact of the products of combustion as they travelupwardly through the conduit spaces with the adjacent insulationsections 41, 42. The plates 45 may be countersunk in the insulationmaterial as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. It will be noted that the fluidcontaining sections are so constructed and arranged and the sections ofthe jacket related thereto so as to prevent contact of the products ofcombustion with the latter, the plates 45 serving to prevent suolicontact even along the ends of the conduit spaces. Accordingly onlyl aslight difference in temperature exists between the inner and outersurfaces of the jacket so that the transfer of heat therethrough isreduced to a minimum. As a result, I am enabled to use jacket sectionsthat are relatively thin. Furthermore, from the foregoing description itwill be understood that the jacket sections 41, 42 and 43 are removable.This enables me to remove the front and rear sections or panels thereoffor access to the exterior walls of the fluid containing sections (Se,6b, 60, and the heat absorbing devices thereon. As these devices arestraight and horizontally disposed, cleaning of the surfaces of suchdevices and the exterior surfaces of the walls 17, upon removal of thepanels 41 and 42, or either thereof may be readily effected.

46 indicates a water column suitably mounted on the wall (Scl of one endsection and connected therewith in the usual manner. The column 46 isprovided with a water gage 47 and a pressure gage 48. 49 indicatestrycocks also mounted on the wall 6d.

rIhe flue 2O and its enlarged portion 20a may be formed from suitablenon-corrosive material; also the fluid containing sections 6e, 6b, 6c,may be castV or otherwise formed from a material or suitable alloyhaving a` high co-eicient of conductivity and likewise the heatabsorbing members may be formed integrally with the side walls of thesesections to insure a rapid conduction of the heat units therethrough.

Due to the fact that high percentage of the heat units contained in theproducts of combustion is absorbed by and transferred through the wallsof the sections 6a, 6?), 6c, the travel of the products of combustion isrelatively short and as a result the entire apparatus-may be compact yinSpizpfwithout affecting its eliiciency.

It will also be notedthat the interior and eXterio-r walls of thesections are constructed Y to permit both the fluid inthe sections andthe products of combustion in the conduit spaces between them to flowupwardly with-r out being diverted in lateral horizontal directions.This fo-rm'of construction enables the' water and products to take theirnatural paths of flow andthis tends to eliminate liming effects withinthe sections and the adv hesion of vnon-circulatingv gas films to theexf terior surfaces thereof.

It willbe understood that 0a)v suitable'def` Y vices dependent on theroom temperature 'or'r4 the' temperature of the fluid within- .thesec-v, tions, or both may be provided for automatically controllingthesupply of combustible medium to the burners and (b)y suit-able'safetyi v devices dependent on the steam pressure or y C; scribed my name.

water level or both, whenabnormal cond-if tions thereof prevail, andalso on the burning and non-burning. of the pilot may bepro` 1 vided forautomatically shutting off` the supply of the combustible medium.v Thesedevices, which maybegof the elect'ric'type,` 1

form no part of the are not shown, as they present invention.` 1 l Tothose skilled in the vention relates many changes in constructionandwidely diering embodiments and applications of my invention willvsuggest ythemselves without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.My disclosures and the description herein are purely illustrative yand lare not intended to be in Aany sense limiting.

What I claim is l f In a fluid heater, Lthe combination of a fire echamber, a plurality of uid containing sec,r e tions disposed in spacedside by side relation,

a discharge flue above said sections, the spaces between said sectionsbeing in communica-V tion with said fire chamber and said `flue, saidfluid containing sections having on their op'- posing walls integralsolid fins toreduce liming, said lins'being closely spaced apart ontheir respective walls and disposed with the lins of one sectionvertically offset a distance equal substantially to the horizontal depthof the fins from the fins of an adjacent section to deflect the gasestoward the wall of the opposing section, the fins'of one sectionslightly overlapping at their outer ends the outer ends of thevins of-anadjacent sectiony to decrease the tendency of pocket' forming andprevent stratificationon the surfaces.'

In testimony whereof, Ihave hereunto sub'- y MARK M. CLAYTON. i Y.

artl to vwhich my inl

